למידה, אינטרנט ... ומה שביניהם

Having a 1-to-1 classroom means that computing technology can replace paper-and-pencil technology as the essential tool — relegating paper-and-pencil technology to playing the supplementary role.

it was observed that: "But in Maine's higher poverty and more rural schools, many students are still just using programs like PowerPoint and Microsoft Word."

That's a perfectly valid approach. In fact to be honest with you it's the approach that would work with most teachers.

Nobody wants to use technology to recreate education as it is, yet there is not much to distinguish what goes on in most computer-supported classrooms versus traditional classrooms.

We argue that the classroom needs to foster transformational thought, both on the part of students and teachers, and that the best way to do this is to replace classroom-bred discourse patterns with those having more immediate and natural extensions to the real world; patterns whereby ideas are conceived, responded to, reframed, and set in historical context.

דורש תפיסה חינוכית אחרת, ואפילו נכונות להשתחרר מתכניות מוכנות.

Where is the curriculum — the daily lessons — that specifically exploit 1-to-1?

• Question: Why aren’t educators taking advantage of the unique affordances of their 1-to-1 classrooms?
• Answer: Lack of curriculum that teachers can use that explicitly takes advantage of 1-to-1.

to provide teachers with curriculum, with lessons that guide the student in using the devices while still maintaining a teacher-led classroom.

One learns by doing, by actively engaging in projects – not by just reading text/watching videos/taking mastery tests/rinse/repeat.

המהפכה הסמויה מהעין: מעולם של בתי ספר לעולם של למידה

טכנולוגיות ה-schooling הם טכנולוגיות הבאות לשרת בראש ובראשונה את בית הספר, ואת האופן שבו הוא מתנהל. ככאלה הם מחזקות ומנסות לסייע למבנה הקיים של בית הספר.

אינה מבנה בית הספר או הצרכים של המערכת, אלא תהליך הלמידה עצמו

User or student: constructing the subject in Edtech incubator

the relations between them (מי שהם עכשיו "משתמשים") and the system are described in terms of services, consumerism, usability and efficiency (עמ' 2)

whether the educational process itself can be understood – and should be understood – in economic terms, that is, as a situation in which the learner has certain needs and where it is the business of the educator to meet these needs. (עמ' 58)

a major reason for engaging in education is precisely to find out what it is that one actually needs – a process in which educational professionals play a crucial role because a major part of their expertise lies precisely there. (עמ' 59)

Engagement can be understood in the light of MindCet’s directors’ explanations: if ‘we are talking about users and market’ our main goals become ‘catch the learner’s attention,’ make him stay and give him the user experience. This is a very different kind of student, no longer one in need of guidance and education from a system based on pedagogical methods and principles, but as one that the product is built for – his or her need, desire and choice – for his engagement as a user. (עמ' 9)

An argument for the isolated classroom

Empowering students to learn does not necessarily mean active engagement with the trends of the day.

Whether it’s one-on-one tutorials at university, or monks studying in cloisters, or Virginia Woolf’s own room, there has always been a necessity to isolate oneself somewhat in order to think. I would like the classroom to be a place where one can think.

The one Google thingy that schools really love is Google Docs. Boy, do they love Google Docs.

You may write different parts of something and smush them together. You may peer-edit. You may create an anthology or periodical containing writing by several people, but writing is a solo sport. Writing is the result of one person’s internal processes.

That is how you learn to collaborate. You may teach it, but the students will not stay taught.

I think it is a profoundly bad idea to force children to work together.

Sadly, like many seemingly good ideas, schools seek to mechanize collaboration by turning natural process into a set of measurable skills and [a] multi-year course of study, easily assessed.

אין תחליף לאנושיות

You want people to understand that you’re still there and that you’re doing something for them. In the computer age, you can say work is being done by typing. It has the immediate naturally understood connotation of ‘I’m doing something for you.

A child born today will grow up with no conception of privacy at all. They’ll never know what it means to have a private moment to themselves, an unrecorded and unanalyzed thought. And that’s a problem because privacy matters. Privacy is what allows us to determine who we are, and who we want to be.

figuring out what’s important in living a life fully in a world that has become increasingly digital

many people [are] figuring out pathways to a life that mixes the analog and digital

Not either/or, one or the other – analog and digital easily mix in these helping professions. And it is in schools especially where face-to-face contacts occur daily, where relationships begin and mature, where the analog and digital world come together.

A fact often forgotten by those avid reformers (and parents) who see schools as efficient escalators to the workplace, who see children and youth as brains on a stick.

My half-century of experience in schools, awareness of the central role of schooling in a democratic, market-oriented society, and awareness of classrooms across the nation but especially in Silicon Valley have convinced me that schools as analog institutions will persevere and outlast the magical thinking that technologically-driven reformers peddle.

ציון "נכשל" בטכנולוגיה לבית הספר

בלתי מספיק: למה מערכת החינוך לא עושה כמעט שימוש בטכנולוגיה בשיעורים?

העזרים האלה מרתקים את התלמידים, מגבירים מעורבות וגם מסייעים לשיפור הישגים.

Teachers in Maine say iPads 'provide no educational function in the classroom'

One teacher cited by the study said that the iPads "provide no educational function in the classroom. Students use them as toys," adding that word processing is "near to impossible."

One teacher even said "the iPads are a disaster."

Students weren't much more positive, according to the Sun Journal. “WE NEED LAPTOPS!!!” one student reportedly wrote three times in the study.

88.5% of teachers and 74% of grade 7-12 students wanted laptops, not iPads

that tablets were not the device of choice for teachers and students, poor for writing, encouraged facile creativity, were consumer not producer devices and awful for coding. They were vanity projects, too expensive, as well as teacher and student unfriendly.

למה הקידמה נשארת מחוץ לכיתות?

Is the digital learning revolution a waste of money?

an earlier study that drew on PISA results and contained data from 250,000 students aged 15 [that] showed that they performed worse at school if they had a computer in their bedroom

In Israel, researchers found performance declined in elementary and middle schools with computers

in Romania it has been reported that poorer children whose families received money to buy a computer performed worse in school than those without computers

On one hand, children in families that received a voucher scored significantly higher on tests of computer skills and cognitive ability than their counterparts without a voucher. On the other hand, children in families that received a voucher had significantly lower school grades in math, English, and Romanian than their counterparts without vouchers. The authors conclude that "providing home computers to low-income children in Romania lowered academic achievement even while it improved their computer skills and cognitive ability.

A comparison between electronic and paper textbooks in Science [that] showed that embedded videos and hyperlinks in the former are a distraction and impede learning.

There is no indication that publishers are investing the time and hard work required to leverage this information into a new generation of electronic textbooks. Rather, it seems that most are taking the pedagogical devices from print books and putting them in digital format, with little evidence that they positively affect learning.

Emerging technology today departs from my previous vision of improving the human condition. Through AI/Machine Learning, we are constantly hearing that technology is becoming more human and becoming more capable of judgements that we once thought were our domain. In education though, the opposite is happening: educational technology is not becoming more human; it is making the human a technology.

Both Udacity and Knewton require the human, the learner, to become a technology, to become a component within their well-architected software system. Sit and click. Sit and click. So much of learning involves decision making, developing meta-cognitive skills, exploring, finding passion, taking peripheral paths. Automation treats the person as an object to which things are done. There is no reason to think, no reason to go through the valuable confusion process of learning, no need to be a human. Simply consume. Simply consume. Click and be knowledgeable.

I no longer want to be affiliated with the tool-fetish of edtech. It’s time to say adios to technosolutionism that recreates people as agents within a programmed infrastructure.

I used to feel bad that I wasn’t “keeping up” and trading in some of my old tools for new ones – no longer. I’m not interested in tools that are meant to mainly make sure that teachers and administrators are micro managing their tracking of standards. I’m interested in helping kids to learn.

25 מיתוסים ותפיסות שגויות בלמידה בסביבה דיגיטלית

דיון במיתוסים ותפיסות שגויות בנושאי חינוך אינו חדש, ומצוי בכל דור מקדמת דנה, כמו למשל הסכנה בשילוב הכתיבה בלמידה, שתפגום בכישורי הלמידה אליבא דאריסטו שנכתב לפני 2500 שנה. (עמ' 3)

את תשומת הלב מהעיקר, שהוא מיקוד ההטמעה של הפדגוגיה בסביבת למידה דיגיטלית (עמ' 5)

למידה בסביבה דיגיטלית היא פן אחד מתוך כל הזדמנויות הלמידה, והיא חיונית כיום מעצם הימצאות הלומד במרחב מקוון בשגרת חייו, אך היא איננה תחליף לפעילות פנים אל פנים בחברותא ובכתה בא נוכח מנחה או מורה. (עמ' 5)

אינו מנבא את קץ בתי הספר (הציבוריים), כפי שרבים (מדי) מסיקים מהספר, או ממה שנכתב אודותיו, אלא יוצא בקריאה, שדעיכה משמעותית של רלוונטיות בתי הספר תגיע, אם הם לא יותאמו וישונו לצרכי ההווה והעתיד, ומערכת החינוך תתעקש להיתקע בשמרנות וסנטימנטליות של העבר, שכבר אינם רלבנטיים לימינו. (עמ' 6)

הנזק של מיתוס זה, איננו דוקא בתפיסה השגויה של המצאת החינוך מחדש, לכאורה, בעשור הראשון והשני של המאה ה- 21, אלא באשלייה שהטכנולוגיה היא החזות העדכנית של החינוך, ויש להתמקד באמצעים הטכנולוגיים ובכשירויות הנדרשות ליישומן, ולא במכלול תפקודים הנדרשים ללומד, שהיו, הווים ויהיו רלוונטיים תמיד. (עמ' 6)

חדשנות זו הבזיקה בעולם החינוכי ככוכב שביט, אך נעלמה תוך פחות מעשור, מסיבות שחלקן הגדול תקפות גם היום כמפורט כאן למעלה. אין כל סיבה להניח שתוצאות מהלך כזה כיום, תהינה אחרות מכישלון שילוב למידת לוגו בעבר. (עמ' 8)

מהווה תירוץ לבתי ספר המצדיקים את אי שילוב התקשוב בשל חוסר ציוד ראוי (עמ' 9)

השאלה היא לא מה יקר יותר, אלא כיצד יש לנצל ולהסיט את המשאבים הקיימים ו/או הראויים, ללמידה יעילה ואיכותית מהקיים, לשם הכנת בוגר מערכת החינוך לתפקוד מיטבי בחברה בעתיד הקרוב. (עמ' 9)

עלויות התקשורת והמכשירים האישיים יורדות משנה לשנה, אך עלויות כוח האדם המקצועי לא משתנות, וודאי שאינן מוזלות. (עמ' 12)

מיתוס לפיו על כל מורה להכיר "ארגז כלים דיגיטלי", וכל המרבה הרי זה משובח, ולכן על מסגרות הפיתוח המקצועי של המורים להתמקד ב"כלים", על חשבון הכשרה בפדגוגיה מותאמת לסביבת למידה דיגיטלית. (עמ' 12)

על מנת לעשות שימוש מושכל בטכנולוגיה בכלל, ובכלי/שירות מסוים בפרט, יש להגדיר צורך ומטרה פדגוגית, ורק אחר כך להתאים את הכלי הטכנולוגי שישרת את המטרה בצורה הטובה ביותר. (עמ' 12)

מהות של דרך חיים המובנית לא רק בכל תחומי החיים אלא גם בעיצוב ערכים, ביניהם תפיסה חדשה של אזרח וחברה, בכל הנוגע לזכויות כמו שקיפות, שמירת פרטיות, קניין, שיתופיות וכד'. (עמ' 14)

עלינו להקפיד לדבר על למידה או פדגוגיה המיושמים בסביבה דיגיטלית, ולא להמציא מהות חדשה של למידה, כמו "למידה דיגיטלית". (עמ' 13)

עוד ב-2010, מחלקת החינוך הממשלתית של ארה"ב קובעת, שאחרי איסוף במשך עשור של נתונים, נמצא שלמידה בסביבה דיגיטלית יעילה וטובה בגילאי העל- יסודי (חט"ב ותיכון), וההישגים גבוהים יותר בממוצע לתלמיד, בהשוואה ללמידה של אותם הנושאים בלמידה מסורתית.... (עמ' 15)

השאיפות של גוגל לשנות את עתיד ילדיכם

המשתמשים מקבלים חוויה דומה למה שהם מחזיקים בו כל הזמן – הסמארטפון שלהם. גוגל מצמצמת את הפערים בין החוויה של הסמארטפון לבין החוויה של מחשב שולחני. הכל פשוט יותר.

על הגב של הקטנים שלכם מתחוללת אחת המלחמות הגדולות בין מיקרוסופט לבין גוגל על שוק ההשכלה (בתי ספר עד אוניברסיטאות).

התקשוב אינו תרומה של עולם ההיי-טק למערכת החינוך, אלא להפך – מערכת החינוך תורמת מיליוני שקלים ליזמים ולמשווקים של תעשיית ההיי-טק, שמוכרים לנו הבטחות מופרכות על למידה וחינוך. את הכסף משלמים ההורים. את המחיר משלמים הילדים.

But here’s the thing...no matter where you are in your own transition into a digital reading world we all read more digitally. Emails, Facebook, News, this blog post (unless you printed it off). Just sit back and reflect for a moment how much of your day is reading digital text. Even if you like to read before bed you probably read more online during the day.

"You can write on the text right there," noting that if students aren't allowed to write in textbooks, they can use small sticky notes that come off easily. "You can also flip back and forth very easily, and spatially, there are advantages to print media."

When Pennington's seventh graders took the Smarter Balanced Assessment in English Language Arts on new Chromebooks last April, Pennington didn't teach them how to use the test's annotation feature. Students would have been able to highlight reading passages and take notes on the text to help them answer test questions. He thought it was too complicated for them to learn how to use well in time for the test.

There are a ton of things that are built into most online reading platforms that are never taught to students. Or we try to teach them the same way as we did in a print world and that doesn't work.

We are reckless jargon users in education. Just ask anyone coming out of your local supermarket what they think “effective pedagogies” or “student agency” means.

Jargon is used to: exclude; disguise; imply expertise; and to market product. No one benefits when words are used to divide and confuse.

I would argue that the addition of the ‘e’ to e-learning/e-learners is now unhelpful as it perpetuates a notion that there is an important difference between these words and the words learning/learners. We learn with or without the ‘e’, and to survive in and contribute to New Zealand society today without the ‘e’ would be a challenge.

So why was the ‘e’ added in the first place? Possibly to emphasise that a change had occurred in our ways of working, but as we know there is nothing new about change – rock, slate, blackboard, paper, screens, touch screens, voice activated screens, augmented glasses... – except that now the speed is phenomenal and requires a learner mind-set to keep up. We know today that learning might happen anywhere, any time, any place, with anyone, and that it is not just about ‘learning stuff’.

Digital Learning Tools and Modern learning technologies

I can tell you one fact and that is that learning does not happen just because you’re holding a device or connected to the internet. In fact the reasons why successful deeper learning takes place have never changed, regardless of our rush to be excited about the web, social media and iPads. Young people don’t want to do everything on devices but do have experiences or witness examples daily of their effectiveness for communication, active learning and creativity output. Young people understand digital tools as a constant option on a Smörgåsbord of numerous tools to carry out all sorts of tasks both in life and for learning. All tools offer potential, the trick is to keep an open mind and not treat one tool differently based on one’s own skill set or experience.

The growth of digital bandwidth means that it will fall to our moment – this early 21st century – to decide the long-term future of this print record. We are unlikely to lose the books as bags of words. But we might very well lose them as objects.

That's because libraries are in a tough spot. Few people check out 19th-century books. The volumes are weird looking to a modern reader, and their typesets seem designed to cause eyestrain. So, librarians—being aware of this unpopularity, as well as their own never-very-big budgets – might decide that they should either put these books in deep storage or get rid of them altogether, after scanning their innards.

Again, lest we become confused and forgetful, the function of a great library is to sort and store obscure books. This is above all the task we want libraries to perform: to hold on to books that we don’t want enough to own, books of very limited appeal, unshielded by racks of Cliffs Notes or ubiquitous citations or simple notoriety. A book whose presence you crave at your bedside or whose referential or snob value you think you will need throughout life, you buy. Libraries are repositories for the out of print and the less desired, and we value them inestimably for that. The fact that most library books seldom circulate is part of the mystery and power of libraries. The books are there, waiting from age to age until their moment comes. And in the case of any given book, its moment may never come – but we have no way of predicting that, since we are unable to know now what a future time will find of interest.